CNN သတင္းဌာနမွ ထပ္ဆင့္ကူးယူတင္ျခင္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။
REF: http://edition.cnn.com/2011/09/23/world/europe/switzerland-science/index.html?hpt=hp_c1
Scientists: Particles appear to travel faster than light
September 23, 2011 -- Updated 1019 GMT (1819 HKT)
STORY HIGHLIGHTS
- NEW: Physics professor: "It's very, very remarkable if it's true"
- The scientists' results indicate tiny particles traveled faster than the speed of light
- They want other researchers to examine their findings
- Neutrinos are subatomic particles, part of the elemental building blocks of the universe
(CNN) -- Scientists in Switzerland say an experiment appears to show that tiny particles traveled faster than the speed of light -- a result that would seem to defy the laws of nature.
The physicists say that neutrinos*1 sent 730 kilometers (453.6 miles) underground between laboratories in Switzerland and Italy arrived a fraction of a second sooner than they should have, according to the speed of light.
The report was published Friday by a group of researchers working on the so-called Opera experiment, based at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland.
"This result comes as a complete surprise," report author Antonio Ereditato at the University of Bern, in Switzerland, said in a statement.
"After many months of studies and cross checks, we have not found any instrumental effect that could explain the result of the measurement."
The scientists on the Opera project would continue their research, he said, but "are also looking forward to independent measurements to fully assess the nature of this observation."
The finding would seem to challenge Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity, and the long-established law of physics that nothing can exceed the speed of light.
"It is very, very remarkable if it's true," said Professor Neville Harnew, head of particle physics at Oxford University.
"If this proves to be correct, then it will revolutionize physics as we know it."
He will be among scientists from around the world tuning into a webcast seminar held by CERN Friday afternoon, to discuss what Harnew describes as an "ultra-exciting" development that has come "totally out of the blue."*2
The Opera team's result is based on the observation of more than 15,000 bunches of neutrinos sent between CERN and the Gran Sasso Laboratory in Italy. A neutrino is an electrically neutral subatomic particle, an elemental building block of the universe.
The physicists say the measurements of the distance and the time involved were performed with great precision, to nanosecond accuracy.
And the results seemed to show the neutrinos travel "at a velocity 20 parts per million above the speed of light, nature's cosmic speed limit."
Sergio Bertolucci, research director at CERN, said the Opera team followed good scientific practice by throwing open their findings to other scientists.
"When an experiment finds an apparently unbelievable result and can find no artifact of the measurement to account for it, it's normal procedure to invite broader scrutiny," he said.
"If this measurement is confirmed, it might change our view of physics, but we need to be sure that there are no other, more mundane, explanations. That will require independent measurements."
Ereditato said more research is needed.
"The potential impact on science is too large to draw immediate conclusions or attempt physics interpretations," he said. "My first reaction is that the neutrino is still surprising us with its mysteries."
Harnew said the new finding "cannot currently fit in the standard theories at all" and would have to be confirmed by another experiment -- to ensure there is no subtle systemic error at play -- before a discovery can be claimed.
And he cautions that "neutrino measurements are extremely difficult experiments," making it hard to verify results independently.
Neutrinos, which are emitted during the process of radioactive decay, have only a tiny mass and usually pass through matter without interacting with anything else, making them very hard to detect.
CERN is one of only a handful of laboratories capable of running an experiment like the Opera project, Harnew said. Other possible sites could be J-Parc in Japan, home of the multinational T2K project, and Fermilab in Illinois.
It was only recently discovered that neutrinos, which come in three types, can switch from one type to another. If they can indeed travel faster than mass-less particles, like light, then these mysterious particles will have done even more to turn the world of physics on its head.
၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀၀
"အိုင္းစတိုင္း မွားျပီလား ???"
ဆြစ္ဇာလန္သိပၸံပညာရွင္ေတြရဲ့ လက္ေတြ ့စမ္းသပ္မႈတခုက ေလ့လာသိရိွရတဲ့ အခ်က္တခုကေတာ့
“အလြန့္ အလြန္ေသးငယ္တဲ့အမႈန္ေလးေတြဟာ အလင္းအလ်င္ထက္ကို ပိုမိုျမန္ဆန္စြာ သြားလာနိုင္ တယ္” ဆိုတာပါပဲ။ ဒီေတြ့ရိွခ်က္ဟာ လက္ရိွ သဘာဝနိယာမတရားေတြကို စိန္ေခၚျငင္းပယ္မယ့္ အခ်က္ျဖစ္ေနပါတယ္။
ရူပေဗဒပညာရွင္ေတြေျပာတာကေတာ့၊
၇၃၀ ကီလိုမီတာ( ၄၅၃.၆ မိုင္) အကြာအေဝး ရိွတဲ့ ဆြစ္ဇာလန္ နဲ ့ အီတလီ အၾကား ေျမေအာက္ စမ္းသပ္ခန္းကေန ျနူၾထီနို(Neutrinos) ေတြကို စမ္းသပ္ပို ့လွြတ္ရာမွာ၊
အလင္းရဲ့ အလ်င္က 299 792 458 meter per second
ဒါေၾကာင့္ 732 000 meter အကြာအေဝးကို သြားဖို ့ အလင္းဟာ
0.00244168917685047300289322154996
စကၠန္ ့ၾကာမယ္။
ဒါေပမယ့္...
ဒီ စမ္းသပ္ခ်က္မွာ ေတြ ့ရတာက
Neutrinos ေတြဟာ
ေလဟာနယ္ အလင္းသြားနႈန္းထက္
61 nanoseconds [တစကၠန္ ့ရဲ့ သန္းတေထာင္ပံု ၆၁-ပံု နီးပါး about 61 billionths of a second] ေစာေရာက္တာ ကို ေတြ ့ရတယ္။
ဒီတြက္ခ်က္မႈမွာ အမ်ားဆံုး အမွားျဖစ္နိုင္ေျခ နယ္နမိတ္ ဟာ 10-Nano second (တစကၠန္ ့ ရဲ့ သန္းတစ္ေထာင္ပံု ၁၀ ပံု) ပဲရိွတယ္။
ဒါေၾကာင့္ အနွစ္ခု်ပ္ေျပာရရင္ Neutrinos ေတြဟာ 299,798,454 meter per second နႈန္း သြားတာကို ေတြ ့ရတယ္။ ဒါဟာ ေလဟာနယ္မွာ သြားတဲ့ အလင္းအလ်င္နႈန္းထက္ ျမန္တာေပါ့။
ေအာ္ပရာစမ္းသပ္ခ်က္(Opera Experiment) လို ့ နာမည္ေပးထားတဲ့ ေလ့လာခ်က္ကို ဦးေဆာင္ျပီးျပုလုပ္ခဲ့တဲ့၊
ဆြစ္ဇာလန္နိုင္ငံမွာရိွတဲ့ CERN( European Organization for Nuclear Research) က သုေတသန ပညာရွင္ ေတြက၊
ဒီအစီရင္ခံစာကို ခုေသာၾကာေန ့မွာ ထုတ္ျပန္လိုက္တာပါ။
“ဒီရလာဒ္ကေတာ့ လံုးဝ အံ့အားသင့္စရာပဲဗို် ့”
ဒီ အစီရင္ခံစာ ကို ေရးသားတဲ့၊ ဆြစ္ဇာလန္နိုင္ငံ ဘဲန္တကၠသိုလ္(University of Bern, Switzerland) က
အန္တိုနီယို အီရက္ဒီတာတို (Antonio Ereditato) ေျပာတာပါ။
“လေပါင္းမ်ားစြာေလ့လာျပီး အထပ္ထပ္ အျပန္အလွန္စစ္ေဆးျပီး တဲ့ ေနာက္မွာ၊
ဒီတိုင္းတာမႈရလာဒ္ကို ရွင္းျပနိုင္မယ့္
ဘယ္လိုတဆင့္ခံအကို်းသက္ေရာက္မႈမို်းကိုမွ မေတြ ့ရေသးပါဘူး” လို ့ဆိုပါတယ္။
ဒီ ေအာ္ပရာပေရာဂ်က္(Opera Project) က သိပၸံပညာရွင္ေတြဟာ
ဒီေလ့လာမႈကို ဆက္လက္ လုပ္ေဆာင္သြားမယ္ဆိုတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းနဲ ့
“ဒီ ေလ့လာေတြ ့ရိွခ်က္ သဘာဝကို ျပည့္ျပည့္ဝ၀ ေလ့လာသံုးသပ္ အကဲျဖတ္နိုင္ဖို ့အတြက္၊
(ဒီ Neutrinos အမႈန္ေလး ေတြရဲ့ သြားတဲ့ အလ်င္ကို တျခားေသာနည္းလမ္းေတြ အသံုးျပုျပီးေတာ့လည္း)
လြတ္လပ္စြာ တိုင္းတာနိုင္ဖို ့ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ေနၾကတဲ့အေၾကာင္း” ကို ေျပာသြားပါတယ္။
ဒီေတြ ့ရိွခ်က္ဟာ ရူပေဗဒ နိယာမ ေလာကမွာ သက္တမ္းရွည္ၾကာ လက္ခံထားၾကတဲ့၊
“မည္သည့္ အရာဝတၳုမွ အလင္းအလ်င္ထက္ ျမန္ေအာင္ မသြားနိုင္” ဆိုတဲ့
အိုင္းစတိုင္း (Albert Einstein) ရဲ့ နိွုင္းရ အထူးသီအိုရီ (Special Theory of Relativity) ကို စိန္ေခၚေနပါျပီ။
“အင္း….ဒီေတြ ့ရိွခ်က္သာ မွန္ခဲ့ရင္ေတာ့ အလြန္ ့အလြန္ အံ့ အား သင့္ စရာပဲဗ်ာ”
ေအာက္စ္ဖို ့ဒ္တကၠသိုလ္ အမႈန္ရူပေဗဒဌာနအၾကီးအကဲ ပါေမာကၡ နီဗီြးလ္ ဟာနူး (Neville Harnew ) ကေျပာပါတယ္။
“ဒီ အခ်က္ကိုသာ သက္ေသျပနိုင္လို ့ကေတာ့ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို ့ခုသိထားတဲ့ ရူပေဗဒကို ေကာင္းေကာင္းေတာ္လွန္ပစ္နိုင္မွာပဲဗို် ့…”
ဒီ ေသာၾကာေန ့လယ္ (Friday, September 23, 2011) မွာ အင္တာနက္ ကေနတဆင့္
CERN က ဦးေဆာင္က်င္းပတဲ့ ေဆြးေနြးပဲြမွာ
တကမၻာလံုးက သိပၸံပညာရွင္ေတြ ပါ၀င္တက္ေရာက္ၾကျပီး ဟာနူးက..
ဒီလို ေဆြးေနြးရတာကို “အလြန္ ့အလြန္ စိတ္လႈပ္ရွားစရာ တိုးတက္မႈ” လို ့ေခၚလိုက္ျပီး
ဒါဟာ “လံုးဝကို ေမွ်ာ္လင့္မထားတဲ့ အျဖစ္အပ်က္” လို ့ဆိုပါတယ္။
(ဆက္လက္တင္ျပပါမည္...)
NOTE:
*1.
Neutrinos are one of the fundamental particles which make up the universe.
Neutrinos are similar to the more familiar electron, with one crucial difference: neutrinos do not carry electric charge.
They are denoted by the Greek letter ν (nu).
*2.
Out of the blue (idiom): a phrase describing an unexpected event
REF:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutrino
http://www.ps.uci.edu/~superk/neutrino.html
http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20110594-264/physics-shocker-neutrinos-clocked-faster-than-light/
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/09/23/world/europe/switzerland-science/index.html
ရႊင္လန္းခ်မ္းေျမ့ပါေစ။
ျခိမ့္ထက္
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***ေနာက္ ဆက္ တြဲ***
အိုင္းစတိုင္း မမွားပါ
http://lightyears.blogs.cnn.com/2012/03/16/more-evidence-that-einstein-was-right-about-light-speed/?hpt=hp_c2
More evidence that Einstein was right about light speed
The cards keep on stacking up in favor of Albert Einstein being right about the speed of light: It's looking like its limit is approximately 300,000 kilometers per second, or the "c" in the famous equation E=mc2.
The ICARUS experiment at the Gran Sasso laboratory in Italy reported Friday that tiny particles called neutrinos did not surpass this commonly recognized speed of light as they traveled from the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Switzerland to the Italian underground laboratory.
That's what the established laws of physics would predict. The result wouldn't be special, except that it flies in the face of a measurement from 2011 that challenged the foundations that Einstein had laid out.
Last September, scientists at OPERA - which stands for Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus - had found that neutrinos from CERN were arriving at Gran Sasso faster than the speed of light. If the particles really did exceed the established speed of light, scientists would have to completely rethink their understanding of how the universe works.
Since then, however, additional details have emerged to call this finding into question. In February, CERN acknowledged that faulty wiring may have produced the faster-than-light measurements.
Today's news isn't the end of the story, however. Four Gran Sasso particle detector experiments - BOREXINO, ICARUS, LVD and OPERA - will all be making new measurements with beams from CERN in May to give the "final verdict," CERN Research Director Sergio Bertolucci said in a statement.
Theoretical physicist Brian Greene, at Columbia University, told CNN in February that the faster-than-light measurements would probably not hold up to scrutiny. There's already a lot of experimental evidence suggesting that no particles can travel beyond that universal speed limit of light speed.
“They need to have completely independent confirmation by a separate experiment, ideally using different experimental methods," Greene said. "And if that were to happen, that would make many of us sit up in our chairs, or maybe even fall off our chairs."
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